3. Lake Nyos, Cameroon
190 miles outside the capital of Yaoundé lies the Oku volcanic plain. Lake Nyos runs down its side. Though the volcano is largely inactive, this lake is one of only three exploding lakes in the world. A limnic eruption starts when a pocket of magma under the lake leaks carbon dioxide into the water. As more CO2is dissolved into the lake, it gets more and more unstable. When it becomes supersaturated, any strong earth movement upsets the balance and releases the gas into the air.
In 1986, landslides due to recent heavy rainfall triggered such an eruption. Over 100,000 tons of CO2were released on the sleeping inhabitants of the villages that lay within 15 miles of the lake. As CO2 is heavier than air, it “hugged” the ground surface and quickly spread. Up to 1,700 people died in their sleep that night.
To avoid a repeat tragedy, pipes and pumps have been sunk in the lake to help “de-gas” it. By constantly siphoning the saturated water from the bottom of the lake to the top, scientists can keep the water from becoming supersaturated.
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