2. New Caledonia, Asia-Pacific
New Caledonia is one of the smallest hotspots, located in the group of islands in the South Pacific at the southern extremity of the Melanesian region, east of Australia. The tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests house at least five endemic plant families, including the world’s only parasitic conifer and nearly two-thirds of the Araucaria trees. The fauna includes endangered species like the distinctively crested kagu, the only surviving member of its family. Nickel mining, forest destruction and invasive species threaten the flora and fauna, with only 5% of its original habitat remaining.
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