4. Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei – 48 Years, 109 Days
He is the twenty-ninth and current reigning Sultan of Brunei, one of the few remaining absolute monarchies. He was born on the 15th of July, 1946 as the eldest son of Sir Omar Ali III. Brunei experimented with democracy after being urged by the British in 1962, an exercise which saw the Brunei People’s Party capture nearly all the legislative seats. The party led a revolution against Sultan Omar Ali, Hassanal’s father, but with the help of British troops the revolt was crushed. Omar declared a state of emergency, ultimately reassuming absolute powers for the Sultan that endure to this day. Hassanal rose to reign over the sultanate on the 4th of October in 1967, after his father abdicated in a desperate attempt to resist the concurrent clamors for democracy and pressures from communists. Omar Ali III went on to rule away from the public eye until he had a disagreement with his son and the army pledged allegiance to Hassanal. After Brunei gained full independence from the British on the 1st of January, 1984, Hassanal declared himself the King, Prime Minister, and Minister of Defense.
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